DEFINITIONS
1.
Ibid. (abbreviation for the Latin Ibidem,
meaning "The same"). Refers to the same author and source (e.g.,
book, journal) in the immediately preceding reference.
2.
op. cit. (abbreviation for the Latin opus
citatum, meaning "the work cited"). Refers to the reference
listed earlier by the same author.
3.
Ibid. refers to the immediately
preceding reference;
4.
op. cit. refers to the prior reference
by the same author.
EXAMPLES
1.
R. Poirer, "Learning
physics," (Academic, New York, 1993), p. 4.
2.
Ibid., p. 9.
3.
T. Eliot, "Astrophysics,"
(Springer, Berlin, 1989), p. 141.
4.
R. Builder, J Phys Chem 20(3)
1654-57, 1991.
5.
Eliot, op. cit., p.148.
IDENTIFYING THE SOURCE
·
Where Ibid. appears, the
source is listed in the immediately preceeding reference.
For reference # 2 in the list above, the
source is listed in # 1 (Poirer, "Learning Physics").
·
Where op. cit. appears,
the source is listed in the previous reference by the same author.
For reference # 5 in the list above, the
author is Eliot and reference # 3 is by Eliot so the source is
"Astrophysics".
Loc. cit.
Loc. cit. (Latin, short for loco citato,
meaning "in the place cited") is
a footnote or endnote term used to repeat the title and
page number for a given work (and author). Loc. cit. is used
in place of ibid. when the reference is not only to the work
immediately preceding, but also refers to the same page. Loc. cit. is
also used instead of op. cit. when reference is made to a work
previously cited and to the same page in that work. As such, loc. cit. is
never followed by volume or page numbers.
EXAMPLE 1
1.
R.
Millan, "Art of Latin grammar" (Academic, New York, 1997), p. 23.
2.
Loc.
cit.
In the above example,
the loc. cit. in
reference # 2 refers to reference # 1 in its entirety, including page number.
Note that loc. cit. is
capitalized in this instance.
EXAMPLE 2
3.
R.
Millan, "Art of Latin grammar" (Academic, New York, 1997), p. 23.
4.
G.
Wiki, "Blah and its uses" (Blah Ltd., Old York, 2000), p. 12.
5.
Millan, loc.
cit.
In the second example,
the loc. cit. in
reference #5 refers to reference # 3, including page number.
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